is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust. It is widely distributed in space in cosmic dusts, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass), after oxygen.
is used commercially without being separated, often with very little processing of the natural minerals. Such use includes industrial construction with clays, silica sand, and stone. Silicates are used in Portland cement for mortar and stucco, and mixed with silica sand and gravel to make concrete for walkways, foundations, and roads. They are also used in whiteware ceramics such as porcelain, and in traditional silicate-based soda–lime glass and many other specialty glasses. Silicon compounds such as silicon carbide are used as abrasives and components of high-strength ceramics. Silicon is the basis of the widely used synthetic polymers called silicones.
|
1101 |
99.79 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.01 |
|
2202 |
99.58 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.02 |
|
2502 |
99.48 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
0.02 |
|
3303 |
99.37 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.03 |
|
411 |
99.4 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
421 |
99.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
|
441 |
99.1 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
|
551 |
98.9 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
|
553 |
98.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
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